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这个双重否定句应该如何理解?

魏剑峰 英文悦读 2022-06-09

最近有同学问到了一个关于双重否定的问题:



There are very few people who would not like to do it. 意思是“没有多少人愿意做这件事情”还是“不少人愿意做这件事情”?There are very few people who would like to do it. 这句话就没什么歧义,意思是“没有多少人愿意做这件事情”,而从句中如果加"not"否定的应该是从句部分,因此应该理解为“不少人愿意做这件事情”。


为了进一步验证我的想法,我在谷歌上搜"few people who would not"(这个指令的意思是查找所有包含有该句式的网页),然后查看该句型在语境中的具体含义。《卫报》的一篇文章中有这样一个句子:



If the governments of North Korea and Iraq could be overthrown, and the internal struggle in Iran ended in favour of the moderates, there are few people who would not heave a great sigh of relief.


从语境中我们可以很清楚地知道,"there are few people who would not heave a great sigh of relief" 应该理解为“很少有人不为之大松一口气”(即“很多人为之大松一口气”),而不是“很少有人会为之大松一口气”。


同时,在搜索过程中我还发现之前已经有人在国外语言问答网站wordreference上问过一个相同的问题:



根据英语母语者的反馈,There are very few people who would not like to do it. 确实应该理解为“不少人愿意做这件事情”。




双重否定是指在同一句子中两次使用否定形式,结果互相抵消,实际上是一种强调形式的肯定。双重否定在英语中很常见,比如很多同学很喜欢用的一个句式:it is not uncommon for somebody to do something(某人做某事很常见)就是一种双重否定。又比如新概念英语3课文中有这样一个句子:


As Daniel Goldin of NASA observed, "Finding life elsewhere would change everything. No human endeavor or thought would be unchanged by it."


正如美国国家航空和宇宙航空局的丹尼尔·戈尔丁指出的,“在其他地方发现生命会改变一切,任何人类的努力和想法都会发生变化。”


句子中no与unchanged构成了双重否定,以此来对发现外星生命对人类的重要性进行强调。


除了双重否定句,英语中有一些句子的否定形式比较有迷惑性,容易造成理解偏差,比如cannot…too…结构。该结构虽然形式是否定结构,但表达的却是肯定含义。它的意思是“再……也不过分”,比如:You can't be too careful. 应该理解为“你无论多么小心也不过分”,而不能理解为“你不能过分小心”。


又比如新概念英语2第41课有这样的场景:男主人公陪妻子去买帽子,并因为等妻子试帽子太久而和她吵起来。其中有这样的对话:


'You needn't have said that,' my wife answered. 'I needn't remind you of that terrible tie you bought yesterday.'


'I find it beautiful,' I said. 'A man can never have too many ties.'


'And a woman can't have too many hats,' she answered.


"A man can never have too many ties." 应该理解为“男人有多少根领带也不嫌多”,"A woman can't have too many hats." 也应该理解为“女人有多少顶帽子也不嫌多”。


又比如something cannot be overemphasized 这一结构应该理解为“某事再怎么强调也不过分”,而不能理解为“某事不能被过分强调”,例如:The importance of adequate preparation cannot be overemphasized. 做好充足准备的重要性怎么强调也不过分。


另一个不太好理解的双重否定句式是hardly a day/week/month goes by without… 句式的意思是“几乎每天/每周/每月都……”,比如:Hardly a week goes by without a new reason to be gloomy about the dollar. 人们几乎每一周都能找到看衰美元的新理由。


以上几个句式平时遇到的时候要特别留意,避免出现理解错误。


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